The greenhouse structure must withstand the weather conditions and the equipment to be installed inside. Therefore, the design phase is very important to get the right structure for your needs.
Regardless of the type of greenhouse, the structure must always be:
Greenhouse arches
The arch is the part of the greenhouse structure on which the roofing material rests. It is only installed in multi-tunnel greenhouses (all other greenhouses have a flat roof structure).
Types of greenhouse arches
Greenhouse netting
Greenhouse nets are usually enclosing nets. There are greenhouses covered with this material (shade netting type) or as a secondary material (anti-insect netting) which acts as a fixed enclosure.
USE: Prevents the entry of harmful insects (such as thrips) and prevents the exit of beneficial insects in biological control crop systems.
SPECIFICATIONS: Depending on the degree of ventilation and the type of insects (that you don’t want to let through) different grid thicknesses are used, usually 20×10 threads/cm2 and 16×10 threads/cm2. The smaller the grid size, the less insect intrusion and the lower the ventilation capacity.
ADVANTAGES: They can be placed in perimeter, front and zenithal vents. In many cases they act as fixed vents.
USE: They prevent weeds from proliferating and keep the soil clean.
SPECIFICATIONS: Depending on the colour, they have more accentuated properties. Thus, the black ones provide more heat and the white ones reflect more of the sun’s rays. Therefore, the colour is chosen according to the growing cycle and the properties that best suit your needs.
derivatives (fungal diseases).
Use: Protects tree crops from atmospheric phenomena (hail) that seriously damage production.
SPECIFICATIONS: The grid size is usually 4×4 threads/cm2 and 2.50 x 3 threads/cm2.
Use: The most suitable ones are chosen for the needs of each type of crop during its development.
SPECIFICATIONS: Most are black or aluminised, but other colours are available.
Greenhouse profiles
The main function of the greenhouse profiles is to fix the enclosure (plastic, mesh or polycarbonate) and to reinforce the structure.
Types of greenhouse profiles
Depending on the type of greenhouse, a set of profiles or other fastening materials is used.
Ridge line
Profile ‘H’
Sideline
Profile ‘H’
End line zenithal window
Profile ‘H’
Sideline
Square profile
Support line zenithal window
Profile ‘H’
Sideline
Profile ‘H’
Line in channel
Profile ‘C’
Sideline
Square profile
Characteristics of greenhouse profiles
The dimensions of the profiles are standard, but vary according to the conditions of the greenhouse project.
Dimensions: 34 x 32 x 1,5 mm
Galvanised: continuous type, sendzimir Z-275
Attachment to plastic or mesh: PVC clip
Dimension: 26 x 18 x 1,2 mm
Galvanised: type continuous, sendzimir Z-275
Dimension: 25 x 25 x 1,5 mm
Galvanised: continuous type, sendzimir Z-275
Dimension: 35 x 35 x 1,5 mm
Galvanised: continuous type, sendzimir Z-275
Plastics for greenhouses
The most commonly used material for greenhouse enclosures is plastic. It protects the crops from climate variations and maintains an ideal temperature for their growth. There are different plastic materials for greenhouses depending on the needs and characteristics of the farm. For example, 3-year thermal plastic (widely used in greenhouses) has the following characteristics:
Types of greenhouse profiles
Depending on the type of greenhouse, a set of profiles or other fastening materials is used.
There are different plastic materials for greenhouses depending on the needs and characteristics of the farm. For example, 3-year thermal plastic (widely used in greenhouses) has the following characteristics:
LDPE film manufactured in three-layer (co-extrusion) in translucent white:
- > Outer layer: resistant and non-stick. It has additives against UV radiation.
- > Middle layer: high EVA content for thermicity.
- > Inner layer: light diffusing and pesticide resistant co-stabilisers
Main types of plastics used in greenhouses
The dimensions of the profiles are standard, but vary according to the conditions of the greenhouse project.
Low density PE (LDPE): for greenhouse roofing.
PE linear low density (PELBD): for mulch and small tunnels.
High density PE (HDPE): for containers, irrigation and drainage.
Characteristics of different types of greenhouse plastics
| Transp. light (%) | Transp. IR (%) | Transm. Hot (W/m2°C) | Density (g/cm3) | Anti-drip | Anti-dust | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEBD | 90 | 62-65 | 8-9 | 0,91-0,93 | NO | YES |
| PEAD | 90 | 62-65 | 8-9 | 0,96 | NO | YES |
| EVA | 90 | 11 | 6-7 | 0,92-0,93 | NO | NO |
| PVC | 90 | 20-30 | 7-8 | 1,16-1,5 | YES | NO |
| PC | 75-83 | 0 | 4-4,8 | 1,2 | YES | YES |
The greenhouse structure is manufactured with the materials that best suit your needs.
The most commonly used material for greenhouse enclosures is plastic. It protects the crops from climate variations and maintains an ideal temperature for their growth. There are different plastic materials for greenhouses depending on the needs and characteristics of the farm. For example, 3-year thermal plastic (widely used in greenhouses) has the following characteristics:
Materials according to their use in greenhouse structures
Pillars, supports and reinforcements
Wood, galvanised steel, iron and aluminium
Belts and beams
Galvanised steel, iron and aluminium
Arcos
Galvanised steel or aluminium
Foundation supports or bases
Concrete
Fastening of the cover
Galvanised wire or galvanised steel or aluminium profiles
Channels
Galvanised steel or aluminium
Grid
Galvanised steel or aluminium and galvanised wire
Materials used in the greenhouse roof
Plastic films
Of polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl chloride and multilayer plastics
Rigid plastics
Of polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate and polyester
Glass
Printed glass
The most important properties defining the cover are:
- > The transmission of solar radiation
- > Transparency to infrared or thermal radiation
- > The heat transmission of the materials of which it is composed
Greenhouse safety
Under handrails, leave the above and under security, put this:
Novagric develops approved safety systems to prevent the risk of accidents in high-rise greenhouses.
Temporary edge protection systems such as B-SAFE or lifelines guarantee:
- Adequate integration in the greenhouse
- Easy installation and maintenance
- Prevents people and materials from falling from different levels
- Resistant to static and dynamic loads
- Efficient and economical design
- Certified by the TECNALIA technology centre.
- Complies with the edge protection regulations according to RD 1627/97: annex 4, part C.
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